What are the primary methods of non-lethal bird control?

The primary methods of non-lethal bird control include habitat modification, exclusion, and trapping. Habitat modification involves altering the environment to make it less inviting to birds, such as removing food sources or nesting sites. This method can significantly reduce the attraction of birds to specific areas without harming them.

Exclusion focuses on physical barriers or deterrents that prevent birds from entering certain spaces, such as using nets, screens, or spikes. This method effectively keeps birds out of unwanted areas, particularly in urban environments or agricultural settings.

Trapping is another approach, allowing for the safe capture of birds without causing harm. Trapped birds can then be relocated in a humane manner, addressing issues of overpopulation or intrusion without resorting to lethal means.

The other options involve methods that are either lethal or not considered non-lethal measures, emphasizing why habitat modification, exclusion, and trapping are the appropriate choices for non-lethal bird control strategies.