Which species of mosquito is responsible for transmitting Eastern equine encephalitis?

Culiseta melanura is directly associated with the transmission of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). This species prefers to breed in swampy areas and has a life cycle that often includes birds, which serve as the primary hosts for the virus. When infected, these birds can then transmit the virus to Culiseta melanura mosquitoes.

Understanding the ecological relationships and habitat preferences of Culiseta melanura helps clarify its role in the EEE transmission cycle, particularly since it has a strong affiliation for feeding on birds rather than mammals, which is a critical aspect of how EEE propagates.

The other mosquito species listed do not play a significant role in the transmission of Eastern equine encephalitis. Aedes albopictus is primarily known for its role in the transmission of other viruses like dengue and Zika. Culex quinquefasciatus is more associated with West Nile virus and similar pathogens. Anopheles punctipennis is primarily a vector for malaria and does not contribute to the EEE transmission cycle. Hence, Culiseta melanura stands out as the specific vector responsible for this encephalitis.